Canje-canje a cikin matakan mahadi masu canzawa a cikin iska na cikin gida da tasirin su akan daidaita samfurin numfashi

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Sha'awa a cikin nazarin mahaɗan kwayoyin halitta masu canzawa (VOCs) a cikin iskar da aka fitar ta karu cikin shekaru ashirin da suka gabata.Har yanzu akwai rashin tabbas game da daidaita samfurin da kuma ko iska na cikin gida maras tabbas kwayoyin mahadi yana shafar madaidaicin madaidaicin iskar.Yi la'akari da mahallin kwayoyin halittar iska mai jujjuyawar iska a wuraren gwajin numfashi na yau da kullun a cikin yanayin asibiti kuma tantance idan wannan yana shafar abun da ke cikin numfashi.Buri na biyu shine a yi nazari akan sauye-sauyen yau da kullun a cikin abun ciki na mahaɗar kwayoyin halitta masu canzawa a cikin iska na cikin gida.An tattara iska ta cikin gida a wurare biyar safe da yamma ta hanyar amfani da famfo samfurin da kuma bututun zafi (TD).Tattara samfuran numfashi kawai da safe.An yi nazarin bututun TD ta hanyar chromatography na iskar gas tare da lokacin-lokacin jirgin sama (GC-TOF-MS).An gano jimlar VOC 113 a cikin samfuran da aka tattara.Binciken da yawa ya nuna bayyanannen rabuwa tsakanin numfashi da iska na dakin.Abubuwan da ke tattare da iskar cikin gida suna canzawa cikin yini, kuma wurare daban-daban suna da takamaiman VOCs waɗanda ba su shafar bayanin martabar numfashi.Numfashin bai nuna rabuwa ba bisa ga wuri, yana nuna cewa za a iya yin samfurin a wurare daban-daban ba tare da rinjayar sakamakon ba.
Haɗaɗɗen ƙwayoyin halitta masu ƙarfi (VOCs) mahadi ne na tushen carbon waɗanda ke da iskar gas a zafin ɗaki kuma su ne samfuran ƙarshen yawancin matakai na endogenous da na waje1.Shekaru da yawa, masu bincike sun yi sha'awar VOCs saboda yuwuwar rawar da suke takawa a matsayin masu cutar da cutar ta ɗan adam.Koyaya, rashin tabbas ya rage game da daidaitawar tarin da kuma nazarin samfuran numfashi.
Babban yanki na daidaito don nazarin numfashi shine yuwuwar tasirin VOCs na baya a cikin iska na cikin gida.Nazarin da suka gabata sun nuna cewa matakan baya na VOCs a cikin iska na cikin gida suna shafar matakan VOC da aka samu a cikin iska mai fitar da iska3.Boshier et al.A cikin 2010, an yi amfani da zaɓin ion flow mass spectrometry (SIFT-MS) don nazarin matakan mahaɗan ƙwayoyin halitta guda bakwai masu canzawa a cikin saitunan asibiti guda uku.An gano matakan daban-daban na ma'auni na kwayoyin halitta a cikin yanayi a cikin yankuna uku, wanda hakan ya ba da jagoranci game da ikon da ake amfani da su a cikin iska na cikin gida don yin amfani da su azaman cututtukan cututtuka.A cikin 2013, Trefz et al.An kuma lura da yanayin da ke cikin dakin tiyata da yanayin numfashin ma'aikatan asibitin a lokacin aikin.Sun gano cewa matakan sinadarai masu kama da juna kamar su sevoflurane a cikin iska guda biyu da iskar da aka fitar sun karu da 5 a ƙarshen ranar aiki, suna tayar da tambayoyi game da lokacin da kuma inda ya kamata a gwada marasa lafiya don nazarin numfashi don ragewa don rage matsalar irin wannan ruɗani. dalilai.Wannan ya dace da binciken Castellanos et al.A cikin 2016, sun sami sevoflurane a cikin numfashin ma'aikatan asibiti, amma ba a cikin numfashin ma'aikatan a wajen asibitin ba.A cikin 2018 Markar et al.nema don nuna tasirin canje-canje a cikin tsarin iska na cikin gida akan nazarin numfashi a matsayin wani ɓangare na binciken su don tantance ikon gano iskar da aka fitar a cikin ciwon daji na esophageal7.Yin amfani da ma'aunin karfe da SIFT-MS yayin yin samfur, sun gano mahaɗan kwayoyin halitta guda takwas masu canzawa a cikin iska na cikin gida waɗanda suka bambanta sosai ta wurin yin samfuri.Koyaya, waɗannan VOCs ba a haɗa su cikin ƙirar binciken binciken VOC na ƙarshe ba, don haka tasirin su ya ragu.A cikin 2021, Salman et al ya gudanar da bincike.don saka idanu matakan VOC a asibitoci uku na watanni 27.Sun gano 17 VOCs a matsayin masu nuna wariya na yanayi kuma sun ba da shawarar cewa fitar da adadin VOC sama da mahimmin matakin 3 µg/m3 ana ɗaukarsa ba zai zama na biyu ba zuwa gurɓatar VOC8.
Baya ga saita matakan ƙofa ko kai tsaye ban da abubuwan da ba a iya gani ba, hanyoyin kawar da wannan bambance-bambancen baya sun haɗa da tattara samfuran iska guda biyu a lokaci guda tare da samfurin iska mai fitar da iska ta yadda za a iya tantance kowane matakan VOCs da ke cikin babban taro a cikin ɗakin da za a iya numfashi.fitar da iskar da aka fitar.An cire Air 9 daga matakin don samar da "alveolar gradient".Sabili da haka, ingantaccen gradient yana nuna kasancewar mahaɗar mahaɗar 10. Wata hanya kuma ita ce don mahalarta su shakar "tsarkake" iska wanda ba shi da gurɓataccen gurɓataccen VOC11.Koyaya, wannan yana da wahala, yana ɗaukar lokaci, kuma kayan aikin da kansa yana haifar da ƙarin gurɓataccen VOC.Nazarin Maurer et al.A cikin 2014, mahalarta shakar iska na roba sun rage 39 VOCs amma sun karu 29 VOC idan aka kwatanta da numfashin yanayi na cikin gida12.Amfani da iska mai tsafta/tsaftataccen iska kuma yana da matuƙar ƙayyadaddun iyawar kayan aikin samfurin numfashi.
Ana kuma sa ran matakan VOC na yanayi su bambanta cikin yini, wanda zai iya ƙara yin tasiri ga daidaito da daidaiton samfurin numfashi.
Ci gaba a cikin taro na farko, ciki har da irin nunin yanayin zafi da yawa, hanyar da za a iya gano ɗaruruwan bincike na VOC, don haka domin zurfafa bincike.iska a cikin dakin.Wannan ya sa ya yiwu a kwatanta dalla-dalla dalla-dalla abubuwan da ke tattare da iska na yanayi a cikin ɗakin da kuma yadda manyan samfurori ke canzawa tare da wuri da lokaci.
Babban makasudin wannan binciken shine don tantance bambance-bambancen matakan ma'auni na ma'auni na ma'auni a cikin iska na cikin gida a wuraren yin samfur na gama gari a cikin yanayin asibiti da kuma yadda wannan ke shafar samfurin iskar da aka fitar.Makasudin na biyu shine don tantance ko akwai manyan sauye-sauye na rana ko yanki a cikin rarraba VOCs a cikin iska na cikin gida.
An tattara samfurori na numfashi, da kuma daidaitattun samfurori na cikin gida, da safe daga wurare daban-daban guda biyar kuma an yi nazari tare da GC-TOF-MS.An gano jimlar 113 VOCs kuma an fitar da su daga chromatogram.An haɗa ma'aunin da aka maimaita tare da ma'ana kafin a gudanar da babban bincike na bangaren (PCA) na wuraren da aka fitar da kuma daidaita su don ganowa da cire masu fita. Binciken da ake kulawa ta hanyar ƙananan ƙananan murabba'i-bincike na nuna bambanci (PLS-DA) sannan ya iya nuna bambanci tsakanin numfashi da samfurori na iska (R2Y = 0.97, Q2Y = 0.96, p <0.001) (Fig. 1). Binciken da ake kulawa ta hanyar ƙananan ƙananan murabba'i-bincike na nuna bambanci (PLS-DA) sannan ya iya nuna bambanci tsakanin numfashi da samfurori na iska (R2Y = 0.97, Q2Y = 0.96, p <0.001) (Fig. 1). Затем контролируемый анализ с помощью частичного четкое разделение между образцами дыхания и комнатного воздуха (R2Y = 0,97, Q2Y = 0,96, p <0,001) (рис. 1). Sa'an nan kuma bincike mai sarrafawa tare da ƙananan ƙananan murabba'ai na nuna bambanci (PLS-DA) ya iya nuna bambanci tsakanin numfashi da samfurori na iska (R2Y = 0.97, Q2Y = 0.96, p<0.001) (Hoto 1).通过偏最小二乘法进行监督分析——判别分析(PLS-DA) R2Y = 0.97, Q2Y = 0.96, p <0.001) (图1)通过 最 小 二乘法 进行 监督 分析 分析 判别 判别 分析 分析 (PLS-DA) 分析 (PLS-DA) 然夎室内 空气 样本 的 明显 （（（（（（（（（（（（（（（（（（（（（（（（（（（（（（（（， q2y = 0.96 ， p <0.001） （1） ....................................................................................... Контролируемый анализ с помощью четкое разделение между образцами дыхания и воздуха в помещении (R2Y = 0,97, Q2Y = 0,96, p <0,001) (рис. 1). Binciken da aka sarrafa tare da ƙananan ƙananan murabba'ai na nazarin wariyar launin fata (PLS-DA) sannan ya sami damar nuna bambanci tsakanin numfashi da samfuran iska na cikin gida (R2Y = 0.97, Q2Y = 0.96, p <0.001) (Hoto 1). 62 VOC daban-daban ne suka jagoranci rabuwar rukuni, tare da madaidaicin tsinkaye mai mahimmanci (VIP) > 1. Cikakken jerin VOCs da ke nuna kowane nau'in samfurin kuma ana iya samun makin VIP nasu a Ƙarin Teburi 1. 62 VOC daban-daban ne suka jagoranci rabuwar rukuni, tare da madaidaicin tsinkaye mai mahimmanci (VIP) > 1. Cikakken jerin VOCs da ke nuna kowane nau'in samfurin kuma ana iya samun makin VIP nasu a Ƙarin Teburi 1. Разделение на группы было обусловлено 62 различными VOC. изующих каждый тип образца, и их соответствующие оценки VIP VOC daban-daban guda 62 ne suka jagoranci haɗawa tare da maki mai canzawa mai mahimmanci (VIP)> 1. Cikakken jerin VOCs waɗanda ke nuna kowane nau'in samfurin kuma ana iya samun makin VIP nasu a cikin ƙarin Tebu 1.组分离由62 种不同的VOC 驱动，变量重要性投影(VIP) 分数> 1.组分离由62 种不同的VOC 驱动，变量重要性投影(VIP) 分数> 1. Разделение групп было обусловлено 62 различными ЛОС с оценкой проекции переменной важности (VIP) > 1. VOCs daban-daban 62 ne suka jagoranci rabuwar rukuni tare da madaidaicin ƙimar tsinkayar mahimmanci (VIP)> 1.Cikakken jerin VOCs da ke nuna kowane nau'in samfurin da makin VIP nasu ana iya samun su a cikin Ƙarin Tebu 1.
Numfashi da iska na cikin gida suna nuna rarrabuwar kawuna daban-daban na mahadi masu canzawa. Binciken kulawa tare da PLS-DA ya nuna bayyanannen rabuwa tsakanin numfashi da sararin samaniya VOCs bayanan martaba da aka tattara a lokacin safiya (R2Y = 0.97, Q2Y = 0.96, p <0.001). Binciken kulawa tare da PLS-DA ya nuna bayyanannen rabuwa tsakanin numfashi da sararin samaniya VOCs bayanan martaba da aka tattara a lokacin safiya (R2Y = 0.97, Q2Y = 0.96, p <0.001). Контролируемый анализ с помощью PLS-DA показал четкое разделение R2Y = 0,97, Q2Y = 0,96, p <0,001). Binciken sarrafawa na PLS-DA ya nuna rarrabuwar kawuna tsakanin iskar da aka fitar da iska ta cikin gida da aka tattara da safe (R2Y=0.97, Q2Y=0.96, p<0.001).使用PLS-DA 进行的监督分析显示，早上收集的呼吸和室内空气VOC 曲线明显显督分析显示，早上收集的呼吸和室内空气VOC 01).使用 PLS-DA Контролируемый анализ с использованием PLS-DA показал четкое профилей утром (R2Y = 0,97, Q2Y = 0,96, p <0,001). Binciken da aka sarrafa ta amfani da PLS-DA ya nuna bayyanannen rabuwa na bayanan VOC na numfashi da iska na cikin gida da aka tattara da safe (R2Y=0.97, Q2Y=0.96, p<0.001).An rage maimaita ma'auni zuwa ma'ana kafin a gina samfurin.Ellipses suna nuna 95% tazarar amincewa da centroids na ƙungiyar alamar alama.
Bambance-bambance a cikin rarraba kwayoyin halitta masu canzawa a cikin iska na cikin gida da safe da maraice an bincika ta amfani da PLS-DA. Samfurin ya gano mahimmancin rabuwa tsakanin lokutan biyu (R2Y = 0.46, Q2Y = 0.22, p <0.001) (Fig. 2). Samfurin ya gano mahimmancin rabuwa tsakanin lokutan biyu (R2Y = 0.46, Q2Y = 0.22, p <0.001) (Fig. 2). Модель выявила значительное разделение между двумя временными точками (R2Y = 0,46, Q2Y = 0,22, p <0,001.2). Samfurin ya bayyana babban rabuwa tsakanin maki biyu na lokaci (R2Y = 0.46, Q2Y = 0.22, p <0.001) (Hoto 2).该模型确定了两个时间点之间的显着分离（R2Y = 0.46，Q2Y = 0.22，p <0.001）（图2（图2）该模型确定了两个时间点之间的显着分离（R2Y = 0.46，Q2Y = 0.22，p <0.001）（图2（图2） Модель выявила значительное разделение между двумя временными точками (R2Y = 0,46, Q2Y = 0,22, p <0,001.2). Samfurin ya bayyana babban rabuwa tsakanin maki biyu na lokaci (R2Y = 0.46, Q2Y = 0.22, p <0.001) (Hoto 2). Wannan 47 VOCs ne ya jagoranci wannan tare da ƙimar VIP> 1. VOCs tare da mafi girman ƙimar VIP da ke nuna samfuran safiya sun haɗa da alkanes da yawa masu rassa, oxalic acid da hexacosane, yayin da samfuran rana suka gabatar da ƙarin 1-propanol, phenol, propanoic acid, 2-methyl- , 2-ethyl-3-hydroxyhexyl ester, isoprene da nonanal. Wannan 47 VOCs ne ya jagoranci wannan tare da ƙimar VIP> 1. VOCs tare da mafi girman ƙimar VIP da ke nuna samfuran safiya sun haɗa da alkanes da yawa masu rassa, oxalic acid da hexacosane, yayin da samfuran rana suka gabatar da ƙarin 1-propanol, phenol, propanoic acid, 2-methyl- , 2-ethyl-3-hydroxyhexyl ester, isoprene da nonanal. Это было обусловлено наличием 47 летучих органических соеднений VIP > 1. щей утренние образцы, включалы зцы содержали больше 1-пропанола, фенола, пропановой kyslotы, 2-mtil-, 2-эtyl-3-gidroksигеksylovыy effir, izopren da kuma nonanal. Wannan ya faru ne saboda kasancewar 47 mahaɗaɗɗen ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin cuta tare da ƙimar VIP> 1. VOCs tare da mafi girman ƙimar VIP don samfuran safiya sun haɗa da alkanes da yawa masu rassa, oxalic acid, da hexacosane, yayin da samfuran rana sun ƙunshi ƙarin 1-propanol, phenol, propanoic acid, 2-methyl-, 2-ethyl-3-hydroxyhexyl ether, isoprene da nonanal.这是由47 种VIP 评分> 1 的VOC 驱动的。这是由47 种VIP 评分> 1 的VOC 驱动的。 Zazzagewar 47 VOC na VIP> 1. VOCs 47 ne suka sauƙaƙe wannan tare da ƙimar VIP> 1.Mafi girman VIP-rated VOCs a cikin samfurin safiya sun haɗa da alkanes daban-daban, oxalic acid, da hexadecane, yayin da samfurin rana ya ƙunshi ƙarin 1-propanol, phenol, propionic acid, 2-methyl-, 2-ethyl-3-hydroxyhexyl.ester, isoprene da nonanal.Ana iya samun cikakken jerin mahaɗan ma'adanai masu canzawa (VOCs) waɗanda ke nuna canje-canjen yau da kullun a cikin abun da ke cikin iska a cikin Ƙarin Tebu 2.
Rarraba VOCs a cikin iska na cikin gida ya bambanta a ko'ina cikin yini. Binciken kulawa tare da PLS-DA ya nuna rabuwa tsakanin samfuran iska na dakin da aka tattara da safe ko lokacin rana (R2Y = 0.46, Q2Y = 0.22, p <0.001). Binciken kulawa tare da PLS-DA ya nuna rabuwa tsakanin samfuran iska na dakin da aka tattara da safe ko lokacin rana (R2Y = 0.46, Q2Y = 0.22, p <0.001). Контролируемый анализ с помощью PLS-DA показал разделение межде 46, Q2Y = 0,22, p <0,001). Binciken sarrafawa tare da PLS-DA ya nuna rabuwa tsakanin samfuran iska na cikin gida da aka tattara da safe da maraice (R2Y = 0.46, Q2Y = 0.22, p <0.001).使用PLS-DA 进行的监督分析显示。 001).使用 PLS-DA Анализ эпидnadzora с использованиеm PLS-DA pokazal разделение проb воздуha внутри помещений, собранных 6, 6, 6, Y = 0,22, p <0,001). Binciken sa ido ta amfani da PLS-DA ya nuna rabuwar samfuran iska na cikin gida da aka tattara da safe ko maraice (R2Y = 0.46, Q2Y = 0.22, p <0.001).Ellipses suna nuna 95% tazarar amincewa da centroids na ƙungiyar alamar alama.
An tattara samfurori daga wurare daban-daban guda biyar a Asibitin St Mary's a Landan: dakin bincike na endoscopy, dakin bincike na asibiti, hadadden dakin tiyata, asibitin waje da dakin gwaje-gwaje masu yawan gaske.Ƙungiyar binciken mu a kai a kai tana amfani da waɗannan wuraren don ɗaukar majiyyaci da tarin numfashi.Kamar yadda yake a baya, ana tattara iska na cikin gida da safe da rana, kuma ana tattara samfuran iska da aka fitar da safe kawai. PCA ta ba da haske game da rabuwar samfuran iska ta wurin wuri ta hanyar nazarin bambance-bambancen multivariate na bambance-bambance (PERMANOVA, R2 = 0.16, p <0.001) (Fig. 3a). PCA ta ba da haske game da rabuwar samfuran iska ta wurin wuri ta hanyar nazarin bambance-bambancen multivariate na bambance-bambance (PERMANOVA, R2 = 0.16, p <0.001) (Fig. 3a). PCA выявил разделение проб комнатного воздуха по местоположению PERMANOVA, R2 = 0,16, p <0,001) (rис. 3а). PCA ta bayyana rabuwa da samfuran iska ta wurin wuri ta amfani da ƙididdigar multivariate na bambance-bambancen (PERMANOVA, R2 = 0.16, p <0.001) (Fig. 3a). PCA 通过置换多变量方差分析（PERMANOVA，R2 = 0.16，p <0.001PCA PCA подчеркнул локальную сегрегацию проб комнатного (PERMANOVA, R2 = 0,16, p <0,001) (рис. 3а). PCA ya ba da haske ga rarrabuwa na gida na samfuran iska na ɗaki ta yin amfani da ƙididdigar multivariate na bambance-bambancen (PERMANOVA, R2 = 0.16, p <0.001) (Fig. 3a).Don haka, an ƙirƙiri nau'ikan PLS-DA guda biyu waɗanda a cikin su aka kwatanta kowane wuri da duk sauran wurare don tantance sa hannun fasali. Duk samfuran suna da mahimmanci kuma VOCs masu maki VIP> 1 an fitar dasu tare da lodi daban-daban don gano gudummawar rukuni. Duk samfuran suna da mahimmanci kuma VOCs masu maki VIP> 1 an fitar dasu tare da lodi daban-daban don gano gudummawar rukuni. Все модели были значимыми, и ЛОС с оценкой VIP > 1 были извлечены da. Duk samfuran suna da mahimmanci, kuma VOCs tare da maki VIP> 1 an fitar da su tare da kaya mai dacewa don tantance gudummawar rukuni.所有模型均显着，VIP 评分> 1 的VOC 被提取并分别加载以识别组贡献。所有模型均显着，VIP 评分> 1 的VOC Все модели были значимыми, и VOC с баллами VIP> 1 были извлечены da загружены Duk samfuran suna da mahimmanci kuma VOCs tare da maki VIP> 1 an fitar da su kuma an ɗora su daban don tantance gudummawar rukuni.Sakamakonmu ya nuna cewa yanayin yanayin yanayi ya bambanta da wuri, kuma mun gano ƙayyadaddun siffofi na wurin ta amfani da haɗin gwiwar ƙirar.Ƙungiyar endoscopy tana da ƙananan matakan undecane, dodecane, benzonitrile da benzaldehyde.Samfurori daga Sashen Bincike na Clinical (wanda kuma aka sani da Sashen Bincike na Hanta) ya nuna ƙarin alpha-pinene, diisopropyl phthalate, da 3-carene.Haɗaɗɗen iska na ɗakin aiki yana nuna babban abun ciki na decane rassan, dodecane rassan, tridecane rassan, propionic acid, 2-methyl-, 2-ethyl-3-hydroxyhexyl ether, toluene da 2 - gaban crotonaldehyde.Gidan asibiti na asibiti (Paterson Building) yana da babban abun ciki na 1-nonanol, vinyl lauryl ether, benzyl barasa, ethanol, 2-phenoxy, naphthalene, 2-methoxy, isobutyl salicylate, tridecane, da tridecane mai rassa.A ƙarshe, iska na cikin gida da aka tattara a cikin dakin gwaje-gwaje na spectrometry na taro ya nuna ƙarin acetamide, 2'2'2-trifluoro-N-methyl-, pyridine, furan, 2-pentyl-, rassan undecane, ethylbenzene, m-xylene, o- xylene, furfural da kuma ethylize.Matakan daban-daban na 3-carene sun kasance a cikin dukkanin shafuka guda biyar, suna nuna cewa wannan VOC shine gurɓataccen ƙwayar cuta tare da mafi girman matakan da aka gani a cikin yankin binciken asibiti.Za a iya samun jerin sunayen VOC da aka yarda da su raba kowane matsayi a cikin Ƙarin Teburin 3. Bugu da ƙari, an yi nazari na univariate ga kowane VOC na sha'awa, kuma duk matsayi an kwatanta da juna ta amfani da gwajin Wilcoxon na biyu tare da gyaran Benjamini-Hochberg. .An gabatar da maƙallan toshe don kowane VOC a cikin Ƙarin Hoto 1. Ƙwayoyin ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta na numfashi na numfashi sun zama masu zaman kansu, kamar yadda aka lura a PCA da PERMANOVA (p = 0.39) (Figure 3b). Bugu da ƙari, nau'ikan PLS-DA iri biyu an ƙirƙira su tsakanin duk wurare daban-daban don samfuran numfashi kuma, amma ba a gano bambance-bambance masu mahimmanci ba (p> 0.05). Bugu da ƙari, nau'ikan PLS-DA guda biyu an ƙirƙira su tsakanin duk wurare daban-daban don samfuran numfashi kuma, amma ba a gano wani bambance-bambance masu mahimmanci ba (p> 0.05). Кроме того, парные модели PLS-DA также былы ий выявлено не было (p > 0,05). Bugu da ƙari, nau'ikan PLS-DA guda biyu kuma an ƙirƙira su tsakanin duk wuraren samfurin numfashi daban-daban, amma ba a sami bambance-bambance masu mahimmanci ba (p> 0.05).此外。 PLS-DA 模型，但未发现显着差异(p > 0.05). Кроме того, парные модели PLS-DA также были сгенерированы ных различий обнаружено не было (p > 0,05). Bugu da ƙari, nau'ikan PLS-DA guda biyu kuma an ƙirƙira su tsakanin duk wuraren samfurin numfashi daban-daban, amma ba a sami bambance-bambance masu mahimmanci ba (p> 0.05).
Canje-canje a cikin iska na cikin gida amma ba a cikin iskar da aka fitar ba, rarraba VOC ya bambanta dangane da wurin yin samfur, bincike mara kulawa ta amfani da PCA yana nuna rabuwa tsakanin samfuran iska na cikin gida da aka tattara a wurare daban-daban amma bai dace da samfuran iska da aka fitar ba.Asterisks suna nuna centroids na rukuni.
A cikin wannan binciken, mun bincika rarraba VOCs na cikin gida a wuraren gwajin numfashi guda biyar don samun kyakkyawar fahimta game da tasirin matakan VOC na baya akan nazarin numfashi.
An lura da rabuwar samfuran iska na cikin gida a duk wurare biyar daban-daban.Ban da 3-carene, wanda ya kasance a duk wuraren da aka yi nazari, rabuwa ya haifar da VOCs daban-daban, yana ba kowane wuri takamaiman hali.A cikin filin nazarin endoscopy, rabuwa-inducing maras tabbas kwayoyin mahadi ne yafi monoterpenes irin su beta-pinene da alkanes irin su dodecane, undecane da tridecane, wanda aka samu a cikin muhimmanci mai da aka saba amfani da tsaftacewa kayayyakin 13. Yin la'akari da mita tsaftacewa endoscopic. na'urori, waɗannan VOCs mai yiwuwa ne sakamakon ayyukan tsaftace gida akai-akai.A cikin dakunan gwaje-gwaje na bincike na asibiti, kamar yadda yake a cikin endoscopy, rabuwa shine yafi saboda monoterpenes kamar alpha-pinene, amma kuma mai yiwuwa daga kayan tsaftacewa.A cikin hadadden dakin aiki, sa hannun VOC ya ƙunshi galibin alkanes masu rassa.Ana iya samun waɗannan mahadi daga kayan aikin tiyata saboda suna da wadatar mai da man shafawa14.A cikin saitin tiyata, VOCs na yau da kullun sun haɗa da nau'ikan alcohols: 1-nonanol, wanda aka samo a cikin mai kayan lambu da kayan tsaftacewa, da barasa benzyl, waɗanda aka samo a cikin turare da kayan aikin motsa jiki. ya sha bamban da yadda ake tsammani a wasu wuraren domin wannan shi ne kawai yankin da ba na asibiti ba da aka tantance.Duk da yake wasu monoterpenes suna nan, ƙungiyar masu kama da juna suna raba wannan yanki tare da wasu mahadi (2,2,2-trifluoro-N-methyl-acetamide, pyridine, branched undecane, 2-pentylfuran, ethylbenzene, furfural, ethylanisate).), orthoxylene, meta-xylene, isopropanol da 3-carene), ciki har da hydrocarbons aromatic da alcohols.Wasu daga cikin waɗannan VOCs na iya zama na biyu ga sinadarai da ake amfani da su a cikin dakin gwaje-gwaje, waɗanda suka ƙunshi tsarin sifofi guda bakwai waɗanda ke aiki a cikin TD da hanyoyin allurar ruwa.
Tare da PLS-DA, an sami rabuwa mai ƙarfi na iska na cikin gida da samfuran numfashi, wanda 62 na 113 da aka gano VOC suka haifar.A cikin iska na cikin gida, waɗannan VOCs ba su da kyau kuma sun haɗa da diisopropyl phthalate, benzophenone, acetophenone da benzyl barasa, waɗanda aka saba amfani da su a cikin masu amfani da filastik da ƙamshi19,20,21,22 na ƙarshe ana iya samun su a cikin kayan tsaftacewa16.Sinadaran da ake samu a cikin iskar da aka fitar sun kasance cakuduwar VOCs na endogenous da exogenous.VOCs na endogenous sun ƙunshi galibi na alkanes masu reshe, waɗanda ke haifar da samfuran lipid peroxidation23, da isoprene, samfurin ƙwayar cholesterol synthesis24.Exogenous VOCs sun haɗa da monoterpenes irin su beta-pinene da D-limonene, waɗanda za a iya gano su zuwa mai mahimmancin citrus (kuma ana amfani da su sosai a samfuran tsaftacewa) da abubuwan kiyaye abinci13,25.1-Propanol na iya zama ko dai endogenous, sakamakon rushewar amino acid, ko exogenous, wanda ke cikin magungunan kashe kwayoyin cuta26.Idan aka kwatanta da iskar cikin gida mai shaka, ana samun matakan da suka fi girma na ma'auni na ƙwayoyin cuta, wasu daga cikinsu an gano su a matsayin yiwuwar cututtuka.An nuna Ethylbenzene a matsayin mai yuwuwar alamar halitta don adadin cututtukan numfashi, gami da kansar huhu, COPD27 da fibrosis na huhu28.Idan aka kwatanta da marasa lafiya ba tare da ciwon huhu ba, matakan N-dodecane da xylene kuma an samo su a mafi girma a cikin marasa lafiya da ciwon huhu29 da kuma metacymol a cikin marasa lafiya tare da ciwon ulcerative colitis30.Don haka, ko da bambance-bambancen iska na cikin gida bai shafi bayanin martabar numfashi gabaɗaya ba, za su iya shafar takamaiman matakan VOC, don haka saka idanu na bayan gida na iya zama mahimmanci.
Haka kuma an sami rabuwa tsakanin samfuran iska na cikin gida da aka tattara safe da yamma.Babban fasalulluka na samfuran safiya sune alkanes reshe, waɗanda galibi ana samun su a cikin samfuran tsaftacewa da waxes31.Ana iya bayyana wannan ta gaskiyar cewa duk ɗakunan asibiti guda huɗu da aka haɗa a cikin wannan binciken an tsabtace su kafin samfurin iska na dakin.Duk wuraren asibiti an raba su ta VOC daban-daban, don haka wannan rabuwa ba za a iya danganta shi da tsaftacewa ba.Idan aka kwatanta da samfuran safiya, samfuran rana gabaɗaya sun nuna matakan da suka fi girma na cakuda barasa, hydrocarbons, esters, ketones, da aldehydes.Ana iya samun duka 1-propanol da phenol a cikin masu kashe ƙwayoyin cuta26,32 waɗanda ake tsammanin ba da tsaftacewa na yau da kullun na duk yankin asibiti a duk rana.Ana tattara numfashi kawai da safe.Wannan ya faru ne saboda wasu dalilai masu yawa waɗanda zasu iya rinjayar matakin ƙananan mahadi na kwayoyin halitta a cikin iska da aka fitar a lokacin rana, wanda ba za a iya sarrafawa ba.Wannan ya haɗa da shan abubuwan sha da abinci33,34 da nau'ikan motsa jiki 35,36 kafin samfurin numfashi.
Binciken VOC ya kasance a sahun gaba na ci gaban bincike mara lalacewa.Daidaita samfurin ya kasance ƙalubale, amma bincikenmu a ƙarshe ya nuna cewa babu wani babban bambanci tsakanin samfuran numfashi da aka tattara a wurare daban-daban.A cikin wannan binciken, mun nuna cewa abubuwan da ke cikin ma'auni na kwayoyin halitta masu canzawa a cikin iska na cikin gida na yanayi ya dogara da wuri da lokacin rana.Duk da haka, sakamakonmu kuma ya nuna cewa wannan baya tasiri sosai akan rarraba kwayoyin halitta masu canzawa a cikin iskar da aka fitar, yana nuna cewa za'a iya yin samfurin numfashi a wurare daban-daban ba tare da tasiri sosai ba.An ba da fifiko don haɗa shafuka da yawa da kwafi tarin samfuran a cikin dogon lokaci.A ƙarshe, rabuwar iska na cikin gida daga wurare daban-daban da kuma rashin rabuwa a cikin iskar da aka fitar ya nuna a fili cewa wurin da aka yi samfurin ba ya tasiri sosai ga tsarin numfashin ɗan adam.Wannan abin ƙarfafawa ne don binciken bincike na numfashi yayin da yake kawar da wani abu mai ruɗani a cikin daidaita tarin bayanan numfashi.Kodayake duk yanayin numfashi daga jigo ɗaya ƙayyadaddun bincikenmu ne, yana iya rage bambance-bambance a cikin wasu abubuwa masu ruɗani waɗanda halayen ɗan adam ke tasiri.A baya an yi amfani da ayyukan bincike na horo guda ɗaya cikin nasara a yawancin karatu37.Duk da haka, ana buƙatar ƙarin bincike don yanke shawara mai ƙarfi.Ana ba da shawarar samfurin iska na yau da kullun na cikin gida, tare da samfurin numfashi don kawar da mahaɗar mahalli da kuma gano takamaiman gurɓatattun abubuwa.Muna ba da shawarar kawar da barasa na isopropyl saboda yawaitar samfuran tsaftacewa, musamman a cikin saitunan kiwon lafiya.An iyakance wannan binciken ta adadin samfuran numfashi da aka tattara a kowane rukunin yanar gizon, kuma ana buƙatar ƙarin aiki tare da mafi girman adadin samfuran numfashi don tabbatar da cewa abun da ke tattare da numfashin ɗan adam baya tasiri sosai ga mahallin da aka samo samfuran.Bugu da ƙari, ba a tattara bayanan zafi (RH) ba, kuma yayin da muka yarda cewa bambance-bambance a cikin RH na iya rinjayar rarrabawar VOC, ƙalubalen dabaru a cikin sarrafa RH da tattara bayanan RH suna da mahimmanci a cikin manyan nazarin.
A ƙarshe, bincikenmu ya nuna cewa VOCs a cikin iska na cikin gida ya bambanta ta wuri da lokaci, amma wannan bai zama yanayin samfurin numfashi ba.Saboda ƙananan nau'in samfurin, ba zai yiwu a zana ma'auni mai ma'ana ba game da tasirin iska na cikin gida akan samfurin numfashi kuma ana buƙatar ƙarin bincike, don haka ana bada shawara don ɗaukar samfurin iska na cikin gida a lokacin numfashi don gano duk wani gurɓataccen gurɓataccen abu, VOCs.
An yi gwajin gwajin na tsawon kwanaki 10 na aiki a Asibitin St Mary's da ke Landan a watan Fabrairun 2020. A kowace rana, ana daukar samfurin numfashi biyu da samfurin iska na cikin gida guda hudu daga kowanne daga cikin wurare biyar, jimilla 300.Dukkan hanyoyin an yi su daidai da ƙa'idodi da ƙa'idodi masu dacewa.An sarrafa zafin duk yankuna biyar na samfur a 25 ° C.
An zaɓi wurare guda biyar don samfurin iska na cikin gida: Mass Spectrometry Instrumentation Laboratory, Ambulatory Surgical, Room Aiki, Wuri na Ƙimar, Yankin Ƙimar Endoscopic, da Dakin Nazarin Clinical.An zaɓi kowane yanki saboda ƙungiyar bincikenmu ta kan yi amfani da su don ɗaukar mahalarta don nazarin numfashi.
An yi samfurin iska ta ɗaki ta hanyar inert mai rufi Tenax TA/Carbograph thermal desorption (TD) tubes (Markes International Ltd, Llantrisan, UK) a 250 ml/min na 2 mintuna ta amfani da famfon samfurin iska daga SKC Ltd., jimlar Wahalar Aiwatar da 500 ml na iskar dakin yanayi zuwa kowane TD tube.Daga nan an rufe bututun da tagulla don jigilar su zuwa dakin gwaje-gwaje masu yawan gaske.Ana ɗaukar samfuran iska na cikin gida bi da bi a kowane wuri kowace rana daga 9:00 zuwa 11:00 da kuma daga 15:00 zuwa 17:00.An ɗauki samfurori a cikin kwafi.
An tattara samfuran numfashi daga ɗayan batutuwan da aka yiwa samfurin iska na cikin gida. An yi tsarin samfurin numfashi kamar yadda ka'idar ta amince da Hukumar Binciken Kiwon Lafiya ta NHS-London-Camden & Kings Cross Kwamitin Da'a na Bincike (bayyani 14/LO/1136). An yi tsarin samfurin numfashi kamar yadda ka'idar ta amince da Hukumar Binciken Kiwon Lafiya ta NHS-London-Camden & Kings Cross Kwamitin Da'a na Bincike (bayyani 14/LO/1136). Процесь - Комитет по этике исsledoваний Camden & Kings Cross (ssylka 14/LO/1136). An aiwatar da tsarin samfurin numfashi daidai da ka'idar da Hukumar Binciken Kiwon Lafiya ta NHS ta amince da ita - London - Camden & Kings Cross Kwamitin Da'a na Bincike (Ref. 14/LO/1136).An gudanar da aikin samfurin numfashi daidai da ka'idojin da Hukumar Binciken Kiwon Lafiya ta NHS-London-Camden da Kwamitin Da'a na Bincike na King Cross (ref 14/LO/1136).Mai binciken ya ba da izini a rubuce.Don dalilai na daidaitawa, masu binciken ba su ci ko sha ba tun tsakiyar daren da ya gabata.An tattara numfashi ta amfani da 1000 ml Nalophan ™ (PET polyethylene terephthalate) na al'ada jakar da za a iya zubarwa da sirinji na polypropylene da aka yi amfani da shi azaman bakin da aka rufe, kamar yadda Belluomo et al ya bayyana a baya.An nuna Nalofan a matsayin kyakkyawan matsakaicin ajiya na numfashi saboda rashin aiki da ikon samar da kwanciyar hankali har zuwa 12 hours38.Kasancewa a cikin wannan matsayi na akalla mintuna 10, mai binciken yana fitar da numfashi a cikin jakar samfurin yayin numfashin shiru na al'ada.Bayan cika zuwa matsakaicin ƙarar, an rufe jakar tare da plunger sirinji.Kamar yadda ake yin samfurin iska na cikin gida, yi amfani da famfo samfurin iska na SKC Ltd na tsawon mintuna 10 don zana iska daga jakar ta cikin bututun TD: haɗa babban allura mai diamita ba tare da tacewa ba zuwa famfon iska a ɗayan ƙarshen bututun TD ta filastik. tube da kuma SKC.Acupuncture jakar da shakar numfashi a cikin adadin 250 ml/min ta kowane bututun TD na mintuna 2, yana loda jimlar 500 ml na numfashi a cikin kowane bututun TD.An sake tattara samfuran a cikin kwafi don rage yawan bambancin samfur.Ana tattara numfashi kawai da safe.
An tsaftace bututun TD ta amfani da kwandishan TC-20 TD (Markes International Ltd, Llantrisant, UK) na mintuna 40 a 330 ° C tare da kwararar nitrogen na 50 ml/min.An bincika duk samfuran a cikin sa'o'i 48 na tarin ta amfani da GC-TOF-MS.An haɗa Agilent Technologies 7890A GC tare da saitin lalatawar zafi na TD100-xr da BenchTOF Select MS (Markes International Ltd, Llantrisan, UK).An fara cire bututun TD na minti 1 a saurin gudu na 50 ml/min.An aiwatar da lalatawar farko a 250 ° C na mintuna 5 tare da kwararar helium na 50 ml / min don lalata VOCs akan tarkon sanyi (Material Emissions, Markes International, Llantrisant, UK) a cikin yanayin tsaga (1:10) a 25 °C.An yi lalatawar tarkon sanyi (na biyu) a 250 ° C (tare da dumama ballistic 60 ° C / s) don 3 min a wani adadin Ya kwarara na 5.7 ml / min, kuma zazzabi na hanyar kwarara zuwa GC yana ci gaba da zafi.har zuwa 200 ° C.Rukunin ya kasance ginshiƙin Mega WAX-HT (20 m × 0.18 mm × 0.18 μm, Chromalytic, Hampshire, Amurka).An saita adadin kwararar ginshiƙi zuwa 0.7 ml/min.An fara saita zafin jiki na tanda a 35 ° C. na minti 1.9, sannan ya tashi zuwa 240 ° C. (20 ° C./min, rike da minti 2).An kiyaye layin watsa MS a 260°C kuma tushen ion (tasirin lantarki 70 eV) yana kiyaye a 260°C.An saita mai nazarin MS don yin rikodin daga 30 zuwa 597 m/s.Ragewa a cikin tarkon sanyi (babu TD tube) da lalatawa a cikin bututun TD mai tsabta mai tsabta an yi su a farkon da ƙarshen kowane gwajin gwaji don tabbatar da cewa babu wani tasiri mai tasiri.An yi wannan binciken na blank nan da nan kafin da kuma nan da nan bayan desorption na samfurori na numfashi don tabbatar da cewa za a iya yin nazari akai-akai ba tare da daidaita TD ba.
Bayan duba na gani na chromatograms, an yi nazarin albarkatun bayanai ta amfani da Chromspace® (Sepsolve Analytical Ltd.).An gano abubuwan ban sha'awa daga numfashin wakilci da samfuran iska na dakin.Bayanin da ya danganci bakan bakan VOC da fihirisar riƙewa ta amfani da ɗakin karatu na bakan na NIST 2017. An ƙididdige fihirisar riƙewa ta hanyar nazarin cakudar alkane (nC8-nC40, 500 μg/mL a cikin dichloromethane, Merck, Amurka) 1 μL ya zube kan bututun TD masu sharadi uku ta hanyar ɗaukar ma'auni na calibration kuma an bincika a ƙarƙashin yanayin TD-GC-MS iri ɗaya. kuma daga jerin abubuwan da suka dace, kawai waɗanda ke da yanayin juzu'i> 800 an adana su don bincike. An ƙididdige fihirisar riƙewa ta hanyar nazarin cakudar alkane (nC8-nC40, 500 μg/mL a cikin dichloromethane, Merck, Amurka) 1 μL ya zube kan bututun TD masu sharadi uku ta hanyar ɗaukar ma'auni na calibration kuma an bincika a ƙarƙashin yanayin TD-GC-MS iri ɗaya. kuma daga jerin abubuwan da suka dace, kawai waɗanda ke da yanayin juzu'i> 800 an adana su don bincike.An ƙididdige fihirisar riƙewa ta hanyar nazarin 1 µl na cakuda alkanes (nC8-nC40, 500 µg / ml a cikin dichloromethane, Merck, Amurka) a cikin bututun TD mai sharadi guda uku ta amfani da naúrar ɗaukar ma'auni na calibration kuma an bincika a ƙarƙashin TD-GC-MS iri ɗaya. yanayi.и из исходного списка скачать видео для анализа kuma daga ainihin jerin mahadi, mahadi kawai tare da juzu'in daidaitawar wasa> 800 an adana su don bincike.通过分析烷烃混合物（nC8-nC40，500 μg/mL 在二氯甲烷中， Merck， USA置将1 μL 加标到三个调节过的TD 管上，并在相同的TD-GC-MS 条件下进行分析并且从原始化合物列表中，仅保留反向匹配因子> 800((Nc8-nc40,00 中,, ml 在 中,, Merck, 加 1 将 1 管 在 在 在在 在 在在 在 在 在 在 在 在在 Facebook 上查看中可以以色列, 展开 展开 展开An ƙididdige fihirisar riƙon ta hanyar yin nazarin cakudar alkanes (nC8-nC40, 500 μg/ml a cikin dichloromethane, Merck, Amurka), 1 μl an ƙara shi zuwa bututun TD masu sharadi uku ta hanyar daidaita mai ɗaukar bayani kuma ƙara a can.выпольненых в же условиях TD-GC-MS ициентом обратного соответствия > 800. da aka yi a ƙarƙashin yanayin TD-GC-MS iri ɗaya kuma daga jerin mahallin asali, mahadi kawai tare da madaidaicin madaidaicin juzu'i> 800 an kiyaye su don bincike.Hakanan ana cire oxygen, argon, carbon dioxide da siloxanes. A ƙarshe, duk wani mahadi tare da sigina zuwa rabon amo <3 kuma an cire su. A ƙarshe, duk wani mahadi tare da sigina zuwa rabon amo <3 kuma an cire su. Наконец, любые соединения с отношением сигнал/шум <3 также были исключены. A ƙarshe, duk wani mahadi tare da rabon sigina-zuwa amo <3 kuma an cire su.最后，还排除了信噪比< 3 的任何化合物。最后，还排除了信噪比< 3 的任何化合物。 Наконец, любые соединения с отношением сигнал/шум <3 также были исключены. A ƙarshe, duk wani mahadi tare da rabon sigina-zuwa amo <3 kuma an cire su.An fitar da yawan dangi na kowane fili daga duk fayilolin bayanai ta amfani da jerin abubuwan da aka samu.Idan aka kwatanta da NIST 2017, an gano mahadi 117 a cikin samfuran numfashi.An yi zaɓe ta amfani da software na MATLAB R2018b (sigar 9.5) da Gavin Beta 3.0.Bayan ƙarin nazarin bayanan, an cire ƙarin mahadi 4 ta hanyar dubawa na gani na chromatograms, barin 113 mahadi don haɗawa a cikin bincike na gaba.An samo yawancin waɗannan mahadi daga duk samfuran 294 waɗanda aka yi nasarar sarrafa su.An cire samfurori shida saboda rashin ingancin bayanai (leaky TD tubes).A cikin ragowar bayanan, an ƙididdige alaƙar haɗin gwiwar Pearson a tsakanin 113 VOC a cikin maimaita ma'auni don tantance sake fasalin.Matsakaicin daidaituwa shine 0.990 ± 0.016, kuma ƙimar p shine 2.00 × 10-46 ± 2.41 × 10-45 (ma'anar lissafin ± daidaitaccen karkatacce).
An yi duk nazarin ƙididdiga akan sigar R 4.0.2 (R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria).Bayanai da lambar da aka yi amfani da su don tantancewa da samar da bayanan suna samuwa a bainar jama'a akan GitHub (https://github.com/simonezuffa/Manuscript_Breath).Haɗe-haɗe kololuwa an fara canza log-sa'an nan kuma an daidaita su ta amfani da daidaitaccen yanki gabaɗaya.Samfurori masu maimaita ma'auni an yi birgima har zuwa matsakaicin ƙima.Ana amfani da fakitin “ropls” da “mixOmics” don ƙirƙirar samfuran PCA marasa kulawa da kuma samfuran PLS-DA masu kulawa.PCA yana ba ku damar gano samfuran 9.Samfurin numfashi na farko an haɗa shi tare da samfurin iska na ɗakin don haka an ɗauke shi bututu mara komai saboda kuskuren samfur.Sauran samfuran 8 sune samfuran iska na dakin da ke dauke da 1,1'-biphenyl, 3-methyl.Ƙarin gwaje-gwajen ya nuna cewa duk samfuran 8 sun sami raguwar samar da VOC sosai idan aka kwatanta da sauran samfuran, wanda ke nuna cewa kuskuren ɗan adam ya haifar da waɗannan abubuwan.An gwada rabuwar wuri a cikin PCA ta amfani da PERMANOVA daga fakitin vegan.PERMANOVA yana ba ku damar gano rarrabuwar ƙungiyoyi dangane da centroids.An yi amfani da wannan hanyar a baya a cikin irin wannan binciken metabolomic39,40,41.Ana amfani da fakitin ropls don kimanta mahimmancin ƙirar PLS-DA ta amfani da bazuwar giciye sau bakwai bazuwar da 999 permutations. Haɗaɗɗen ƙima mai mahimmanci mai mahimmanci (VIP)> 1 an ɗauke su dacewa don rarrabuwa kuma an riƙe su da mahimmanci. Haɗaɗɗen ƙima mai mahimmanci mai mahimmanci (VIP)> 1 an ɗauke su dacewa don rarrabuwa kuma an riƙe su da mahimmanci. Соединения с показателем ina. Haɗaɗɗen ma'auni mai mahimmanci mai mahimmanci (VIP)> 1 an ɗauka sun cancanci rarrabuwa kuma an kiyaye su da mahimmanci.具有可变重要性投影(VIP) 分数> 1 的化合物被认为与分类相关并保留为显着。具有可变重要性投影(VIP) 分数> 1 Соединения с оценкой переменной важности (VIP). Haɗaɗɗen ma'aunin mahimmanci mai mahimmanci (VIP)> 1 an ɗauka sun cancanci rarrabuwa kuma sun kasance masu mahimmanci.An kuma fitar da lodi daga samfurin PLS-DA don tantance gudunmawar rukuni.An ƙaddara VOCs don takamaiman wuri bisa ijma'i na samfuran PLS-DA guda biyu. Don yin haka, an gwada duk wuraren bayanan bayanan VOCs da juna kuma idan VOC tare da VIP> 1 yana da mahimmanci koyaushe a cikin ƙirar kuma an danganta shi zuwa wuri ɗaya, sannan an ɗauki takamaiman wuri. Don yin haka, an gwada duk wuraren bayanan bayanan VOCs da juna kuma idan VOC tare da VIP> 1 yana da mahimmanci koyaushe a cikin ƙirar kuma an danganta shi zuwa wuri ɗaya, sannan an ɗauki takamaiman wuri. 1 делях и относился к одному и тому же месту, тогда он считался. Don yin wannan, an gwada bayanan martaba na VOC na duk wuraren da juna, kuma idan VOC tare da VIP> 1 ya kasance mai mahimmanci a cikin ƙirar kuma ana magana da shi zuwa wuri ɗaya, to an dauke shi takamaiman wurin.为此，对所有位置的VOC 配置文件进行了相互测试，如果VIP > 1 的VOC置，则将其视为特定位置。为 此 对 所有 的 voc 展开置 将 其 视为 特定。 位置 位置 位置位置 位置Смотреть профили ЛОСво всех местопольжениях были сопавлены друг с другоm, и сис с с с VIP> 1 стоположения, если он был постоянно значимым в модели. Don wannan karshen, an kwatanta bayanan martaba na VOC a duk wurare da juna, kuma VOC tare da VIP> 1 an yi la'akari da wurin dogara idan yana da mahimmanci a cikin samfurin kuma ana magana da shi zuwa wuri guda.Kwatanta numfashi da samfuran iska na cikin gida an yi su ne kawai don samfuran da aka ɗauka da safe, tunda ba a ɗauki samfurin numfashi da rana ba.An yi amfani da gwajin Wilcoxon don nazarin univariate, kuma an ƙididdige adadin binciken ƙarya ta amfani da gyaran Benjamini-Hochberg.
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